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FORMATION OF ADVERBS

FORMATION OF ADVERBS

Adverbs of Manner are mostly formed from Adjectives by adding ly (a corruption of like); as,

Clever, cleverly; wise, wisely; kind, kindly; foolish, foolishly; quick, quickly; beautiful, beautifully.
Akbar was a wise king.
He ruled wisely for many years.

When the Adjective ends in y preceded by a consonant, change v into i and add ly; as, Happy, happily; ready, readily; heavy, heavily.

When the Adjective ends in le, simply change e into y; as, Single, singly; double, doubly.

Some Adverbs are made up of a Noun and a qualifying Adjective; as, Sometimes, meantime, meanwhile, yesterday, midway, otherwise.

Some Adverbs are compounds of on (weakened to a) and a Noun; as,

Afoot (= on foot), abed, asleep, ahead, aboard, away. Similarly there are other Adverbs which are also compounds of some Preposition and a Noun; as, Betimes, besides, to-day, to-morrow; overboard.

[Note.- The word be is an old form of the Preposition by.

Some Adverbs are compounds of a Preposition and an Adjective; as, Abroad, along, aloud, anew, behind, below, beyond.

Some Adverbs are compounds of a Preposition and an Adverb; as, Within, without, before, beneath.

There is a class of Adverbs which are derived from the Pronouns the (= that), he,
who.

ADVERBS

Pronouns (Place -- Motion -- Motion to -- Time from -- Manner)
The (There, thither, thence, then, thus)
He (here, hither, hence, …... , ……)
Who (where, whither, whence, when, how)

Many of the above Adverbs are compounded with Prepositions. Thus we get-Thereby, therefrom, therein, thereof, thereon, thereto, there with; hereafter, hereby, herein, hereupon, herewith; wherefore, wherein, whereon, whereof:

hitherto;
thenceforth, thenceforward;
henceforth, henceforward.

Two Adverbs sometimes go together, joined by the Conjunction and; as, again (= more than once, repeatedly),

by and by (= before long, presently, after a- time), far and near (= in all directions),
far and wide (= comprehensively),
far and away (= by a great deal, decidedly, beyond all comparison,

first and foremost (= first of all), . . now and then (= from time to time, occasionally),

now and again (= at intervals, sometimes, occasionally), off and on (= not regularly, intermittently),

once and again (= on more than one occasion, repeatedly), out and away (= beyond comparison, by far),

out and out (= decidedly, beyond all comparison), over and above (= in addition to, besides, as well as), over and over (= many times, frequently, repeatedly), through and through (= thoroughly, completely), thus and thus (= in such and such a way).

to and fro (= backwards and forwards, up and down).
Good books should be read again and again.
I warned him again and again,
By and by the tumult will subside.
His fame has spread far and near.
As a statesman he saw far and wide.
This is far and away the best course.
He is far and away the best bowler in our eleven.
He now and then writes on fiscal questions.
I write to him now and then.
He worked ten years, off and on, on his Pali Dictionary.
I have told you once and again that you must not read such trash.
This is out and away the best work on Astronomy.
He gained over and above this, the goodwill of all people.
Over and above being hard-working he is thoroughly honest.
He reads all the novels of Scott over and over.
I believe Sachin is out and out the best Indian batsman.
He has read Milton through and through.
Thus and thus only we shall succeed.
He walked to and fro, meditating.


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